Metas de logro 3x2 y mediadores psicológicos en estudiantes de educación física / 3x2 Achievement Goals and Psychological Mediators in Physical Education Students

Esta investigación examina la relación entre las metas de logro 3x2, las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación autodeterminada, la intención de ser físicamente activo y la satisfacción con la vida. Participaron en el estudio 1706 estudiantes de Educación Física de 10 a 17 años (M = 13.75; DT = 2.98). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y regresiones lineales. La validez y la consistencia interna fueron apropiadas. Los resultados señalaron la importancia de la satisfacción de la competencia y la relación, la motivación autodeterminada, y las metas de aproximación-tarea y aproximación-otro en la predicción de la intención de ser físicamente activo, así como de las metas basadas en la tarea y la satisfacción de las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas en la predicción de la satisfacción con la vida. El marco de metas de logro 3x2 supone una contribución relevante en la explicación de las consecuencias motivacionales y del bienestar del alumnado. (AU)

This research examines the relationship between 3x2 achievement goals, basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation, intention to be physically active, and satisfaction with life. The sample was comprised of 1706 Physical Education students with aged between 10 and 17 years old (M = 13.75; DT = 2.98). Descriptive analysis and linear regressions were performed. Validity and internal consistency were appropriate. The results pointed out the importance of competence and relationship satisfaction, self-determined motivation, and task-approach and other-approach goals in predicting the intention to be physically active, as well as task-based goals and satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs in predicting satisfaction with life. The 3x2 achievement goal framework is a relevant contribution in explaining the motivational and welfare consequences of the students. (AU)

Recurrencia y mortalidad a largo plazo de los pacientes con síncope no cardiogénico / Long-term recurrences and mortality in patients with noncardiac syncope

Introducción y objetivos: La evolución a largo plazo de los pacientes que padecen síncope, una vez descartada su etiología cardiaca, no se ha descrito en profundidad. Se describe la evolución a largo plazo de esta población. Métodos: Durante 147 meses, se estudió a todos los pacientes remitidos a nuestra unidad de síncope tras haberse descartado una causa cardiaca. Resultados: Se incluyó a 589 pacientes consecutivos, 313 de ellos mujeres (53,1%), con una mediana de 52 [34-66] años. A 405 (68,8%) se les diagnosticó síncope vasovagal (SVV); a 65 (11%), síncope por hipotensión ortostática (SHO), y a 119 (20,2%), síncope de etiología desconocida (SED). Durante una mediana de 52 [28-89] meses de seguimiento, 220 (37,4%) tuvieron recurrencias (el 21,7%, 2 o más recurrencias) y se produjeron 39 muertes (6,6%). La recurrencia del síncope se produjo en el 41% de los pacientes con SVV, el 35,4% del grupo con SHO y el 25,2% del de SED (p=0,006). La recurrencia se correlacionó en el análisis multivariado con la edad (p=0,002), el sexo femenino (p<0,0001) y el número de episodios previos (< 5 frente a ≥ 5; p <0,0001). Fallecieron 15 pacientes (3,5%) con SVV, 11 (16,9%) con SHO y 13 (10,9%) con SED (p=0,001), El análisis multivariado asoció edad (p=0,0001), diabetes (p=0,007) y diagnóstico de SHO (p=0,026) y SED (p=0,020) con la muerte. Conclusiones: En los pacientes con síncope de origen no cardiaco, a los 52 meses de seguimiento, la tasa de recurrencias es del 37,4% y la de mortalidad, del 6,6%. Hay más recurrencias en los pacientes con perfil neuromediado y más mortalidad en los pacientes con perfil no neuromediado (AU)

Introduction and objectives: There are no in-depth studies of the long-term outcome of patients with syncope after exclusion of cardiac etiology. We therefore analyzed the long-term outcome of this population. Methods: For 147 months, we included all patients with syncope referred to our syncope unit after exclusion of a cardiac cause. Results: We included 589 consecutive patients. There were 313 (53.1%) women, and the median age was 52 [34-66] years. Of these, 405 (68.8%) were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (VVS), 65 (11%) with orthostatic hypotension syncope (OHS), and 119 (20.2%) with syncope of unknown etiology (SUE). During a median follow-up of 52 [28-89] months, 220 (37.4%) had recurrences (21.7% ≥ 2 recurrences), and 39 died (6.6%). Syncope recurred in 41% of patients with VVS, 35.4% with OHS, and 25.2% with SUE (P=.006). In the Cox multivariate analysis, recurrence was correlated with age (P=.002), female sex (P <.0001), and the number of previous episodes (< 5 vs ≥ 5; P <.0001). Death occurred in 15 (3.5%) patients with VVS, 11 (16.9%) with OHS, and 13 (10.9%) with SUE (P=.001). In the multivariate analysis, death was associated with age (P=.0001), diabetes (P=.007), and diagnosis of OHS (P=.026) and SUE (P=.020). Conclusions: In patients with noncardiac syncope, the recurrence rate after 52 months of follow-up was 37.4% and mortality was 6.6% per year. Recurrence was higher in patients with a neuromedial profile and mortality was higher in patients with a nonneuromedial profile (AU)

Metas de logro 3x2, amistad y afecto en Educación Física: diferencias edad-sexo / 3x2 achievement goals, friendship and affectivity in Physical Education: age-gender differences

Se persiguen tres objetivos: (a) analizar las diferencias relativas a la edad y sexo en las metas de logro 3x2, metas de amistad, y afectividad en Educación Física, (b) estudiar las relaciones entre esas variables, y (c) explorar el valor predictivo de las metas de logro 3x2 y amistad sobre la afectividad. La muestra estuvo formada por 1610 alumnos (855 varones y 755 mujeres) de 10 a 17 años. Se realizaron MANOVAS, análisis univariados (Scheffé), y regresiones lineales. Los resultados mostraron un descenso significativo de las metas de logro (excepto aproximación-otro), metas de amistad y afecto positivo debido al desarrollo. Los varones puntuaron más alto las metas de aproximación-tarea, aproximación-otro, y evitación-otro. Las metas de aproximación-tarea y aproximación-amistad fueron los principales predictores positivos del afecto positivo. La franja de 13 a 14 años muestra una gran sensibilidad a los tres estándares de competencia de logro, competencia social e inestabilidad afectiva

The objectives of the study are three: (a) to analyze the differences related to age and sex in the 3x2 achievement goals, the friendship goals, and the affectivity in Physical Education, (b) to study the relationships between these variables, and (c) to explore the predictive value of the 3x2 achievement goals and friendship on affectivity. The sample consisted of 1610 students (855 males and 755 females), aged between 10 and 17 years. MANOVAS, univariate analyzes (Scheffé), and linear regressions were performed. The results showed a significant decrease in achievement goals (except other-approach), friendship goals, and positive affect due to development. Males scored higher on task-approach, other-approach, and other-avoidance goals than women. Task-approach and friendship-approach were the main positive predictors of positive affect. The range of 13 to 14 years shows a great sensitivity to the three competences of achievement, social competence, and affective instability

Quality of life of young patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess quality of life of children and teenagers with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, according to the evidence of infection by human papillomavirus types 6 and 11, compared with healthy volunteers and patients with chronic otitis media. METHOD: Participants and their parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and their parents reported lower quality of life than healthy subjects (p < 0.01), but similar quality of life to patients with chronic otitis media. Those with human papillomavirus type 11 showed the lowest scores among all participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Young Mexican patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and their parents perceive a poor quality of life, and they may experience limitations in interactions with their peers. Infection by human papillomavirus type 11 may increase the impact of the disease on quality of life.

Characterization of Fasciola samples from different host species and geographical localities in Spain by sequences of internal transcribed spacers of rDNA.

In the present study, 25 samples representing Fasciola (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea) from nine host species and 19 geographical locations in Spain were characterized genetically by sequences of the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The ITS rDNA was amplified from individual liver flukes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the amplicons were sequenced directly. The lengths of the ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences were 422 and 362 bp, respectively, for all Spanish liver fluke samples sequenced. Comparison of the ITS sequences of the Spanish Fasciola samples examined in the present study with that of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and the "intermediate Fasciola" revealed that all Spanish Fasciola samples examined represent the single species of F. hepatica, with only slight sequence variation in the ITS-2 (1/362, 0.3%) among the sequenced samples, but the sequence variation was not related to particular host species and/or geographical origins of the samples. The Spanish F. hepatica examined differed from Fasciola from elsewhere by two nucleotides in the ITS-2, which provided genetic marker for the differentiation of Spanish F. hepatica from Fasciola from other geographical localities. These results have implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Spanish F. hepatica and for the diagnosis and control of the disease it causes.

Tópicos de medicina regenerativa 2006: transplantes, células madre, clonaciones, terapéutica reproductiva / Some topics in regenerative medicine transplants, stem cells, clonations, reproductive medicine

Las antiguas aportaciones de la trasplantaciónde órganos, las recientes adquisiciones dela obtención de células madre de embriones humanosclonados, hacen posible el estudio deenfermedades genéticas por nuevos caminosantes de que a largo plazo tales células madrepuedan usarse en el tratamiento de enfermedadeshumanas, el trabajo de un grupo de científicoscoreanos que han clonado 30 embrioneshumanos para uso terapéutico y que aspiran atratar enfermedades incurables, pero no caminarpor la vía de la clonación reproductiva, sinopor el de la medicina regenerativa

The old reports of the organ transplantation,the recent adquisitions of the derivation of stemcells from a cloned human embryo become posibleto study human genetic diseases in entirelynew ways before in the long term such cellsmay be used in the treatment of human disease,the work of a group of korean scientists clone30 human embryos for therapeutic propose,whose aspiration is to treat incurable diseasebut not inmoral reproductive fountain

Epidemiology of cerebrospinal Elaphostrongylus cervi infection in red deer in central Spain.

Elaphostrongylus cervi produces a subclinical cerebrospinal disease in many wild and domestic ruminants from Europe, North America and New Zealand and has recently been described in Spain. To determine some aspects of its epidemiology, 121 red deer (Cervus elaphus) from central Spain were sampled during 2000. The prevalence (7%) and mean worm burden (3.8 worms per brain) were similar to the values previously recorded in other European areas. The infection was only detected in young deer during the winter. The estimation of larval production in the faeces was not a reliable method of diagnosing E. cervi infection.

Evidencias ecopatológicas y diagnósticas de las enfermedadeszoonosicas del anciano / Zoonosic's diseases of the older

Las zoonosis, mas de 200 reconocidas por la O.M.S., suponen un importante riesgo sanitario potencial para la población mundial, sobre todo en aquellos estratos de la sociedad más vulnerables por sus condiciones de vida, estado fisiológico o edad, como es la población más envejecida. En efecto, entre las causas que más predisponen a la transmisión de infecciones de los animales a personas de la tercera edad destacamos las siguientes: a) Mayor vulnerabilidad de su sistema inmunológico, en general, que se potencia en muchas ocasiones por la existencia de procesos crónicos y tratamientos corticoides de larga duración. b) Malas condiciones de vida, estados de desnutrición, carencias que alteran la capacidad defensiva orgánica. c) Malos hábitos higiénicos y convivencia con animales mascotas sin control veterinario. d) Actividades de ocio (caza, turismo, etc.) y profesionales (ganaderos, criadores de perros, etc.), que implican un mayor acercamiento a los animales domésticos, silvestres y vectores invertebrados (garrapatas, mosquitos, etc.).Como consecuencia de esta realidad, el desarrollo de programas de medicina preventiva en la población envejecida es un instrumento prioritario para controlar las zoonosis y conseguir el objetivo de aumentar la calidad y esperanza de vida, contribuyendo a disminuir la probabilidad de muerte en el anciano. Bajo este prisma humanitario y de bienestar en nuestros mayores, los planes de l+D biomédicos deben contemplar estudios ecológicos, epidemiológicos y diagnósticos de las zoonosis más frecuentes y emergentes, para instaurar una gerontología preventiva eficaz, basada en una correcta profilaxis y educación sanitaria, siempre en conexión con redes de vigilancia epidemiológicas, bien estructuradas y coordinadas entre las distintas unidades médicas y veterinarias, para seguir promoviendo aun más la salud en el envejecimiento (AU)

Influence of climate on pasture infectivity of ovine trichostrongyles in dry pastures.

The pattern of pasture contamination and the influence of some climatic factors on the development of ovine Trichostrongyles have been studied in dry pastures of Castilla-La Mancha (central Spain) during a 3-year period (1986-1988). The main identified genera were Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus, followed by Haemonchus, Cooperia and Nematodirus. Two peaks of pasture contamination were detected: from mid-winter to early-spring and from mid-autumn to early-winter. No significant differences in this pattern were observed during the 3 years except Haemonchus (1986-1988, P < 0.05; 1987-1988, P < 0.001). Seasons differed significantly (spring-autumn, P < 0.05; summer-the rest of the year, P < 0.001). The temperature was negatively correlated with the level of pasture infectivity (except for Trichostrongylus); however, the rainfall was positively correlated with pasture infectivity.

[Effect of temperature and humidity on gastrointestinal strongyle infestation of bovine pastures]. / Influence de la température et de l'humidité sur l'infestation par des strongles gastro-intestinaux de prairies fréquentées par des bovins.

Two pastures, one grazed by heifers and one by cows were sampled for larval counts from August to November 1982 at different intervals of time from seven days to half an hour. Ostertagia sp. and Cooperia sp. were highly dominant. The population level was higher in heifer pasture, but maximal and minimal numbers were observed the same days on the two pastures, close to and at a distance from the cow-pats. During the four months, numbers of larvae were higher during rainy weeks. The rain mainly had an effect on Ostertagia populations, the minimum temperature mainly on Cooperia. In more than 50% of observations made on two consecutive days, the number of larvae one day was less than twice (or half) of those observed the preceeding day. In one case out of ten this number was more than four times as great. This variation from one day to the other was correlated to the temperature magnitude. The rainfall had a positive or negative effect depending on its intensity. During the day-time, more larvae were observed in the morning, the population decreasing with air humidity. During these summer and autumn periods, climatic factors had effects mainly on larval migrations: lateral migrations from cow-pats to herbage, vertical migrations on grass.